The term “Old Order” was not used during Jakob Ammann’s time in 1693. Rather, the Old Order identity crystallized in the mid-19th century during a series of intense minister conferences known as the Dienerversammlungen (1862–1878).
Rising Tension Over Modernization
As the Industrial Revolution swept across America, progressive Amish ministers advocated for change: building dedicated meetinghouses, adopting stream baptisms, wearing modern clothing styles, and allowing higher education. Conservative ministers strongly resisted, insisting on preserving traditional home worship and plain standards.
The Formal Division
By 1878, a permanent division occurred:
- The Progressive Faction: Became known as the “Amish Mennonites,” eventually integrating into broader Mennonite denominations.
- The Traditional Faction: Retained the original, unwritten traditions and took the name Old Order Amish.